The Dress Macabre: Corsets, Skeletons, and Death in St. Bride’s Parish – Rebecca Gibson

The modern interpretation of corseting labels the corset a killer. When actresses talk about stints in corsets for movies or TV shows, they often highlight how uncomfortable the garment is, how they are unable to eat, bend, breathe, or sit in their corsets, and how they cannot imagine what women went through when the corset was an everyday part of their lives. Yet, corseting as a practice lasted around 400 years. What, then, is the “truth” of the corset? Did it kill/maim/harm/traumatize those who wore it?

This presentation will look at historical documentation from women who corseted, men who had opinions about it, and doctors who examined corseted bodies. I have examined over a hundred skeletons from the St. Bride’s Parish, Fleet St., London, as well as sifting through thousands of burial records looking for evidence of death by corseting, and the results will shock you…

Bio:

Rebecca Gibson’s published works include “Desire in the Age of Robots and AI: An Investigation in Science Fiction and Fact” (Palgrave Macmillan 2019), “The Corseted Skeleton: A Bioarchaeology of Binding” (Palgrave Macmillan 2020), and “Gender, Supernatural Beings, and the Liminality of Death: Monstrous Males/Fatal Females” (Lexington Books 2021). She holds a Ph.D. in Anthropology from American University, and when not writing or teaching can be found reading mystery novels amidst a pile of stuffed animals.

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London Stone: from History to Myth – John Clark

London Stone has stood in Cannon Street, in the centre of the City of London, since at least about AD 1100 (when it was first mentioned by that name) and probably for much longer – although with several moves and occasional absences! Once described as ‘a great stone … pitched upright and fixed in the ground very deep’, all that remains is a small very worn block of limestone – and a mystery. When and why was it first erected, why was it called ‘London Stone’, and how did it become famous? In October 2018 the last remnant of the famous stone returned from the Museum of London, where it had temporarily been on display, to a splendid new setting close to its original site in Cannon Street.

Bio

John Clark was for many years curator of the medieval collections of the Museum of London, and since his retirement in 2009 he has maintained his connection with the museum, with the honorary title of Curator Emeritus. He is also an Honorary Associate Professor at UCL Institute of Archaeology. He has long had an interest in the relationship between London’s history and the legends and myths that have grown up about the city, and in the ways Londoners have interpreted the physical remains of London’s past in the light of their understanding of its history. In particular he has studied the history, and mystery, of ‘the stone that is called London Stone’.

In this talk John considers what is known about its origins and it history, and how a mythology has gradually arisen, identifying it as – variously – a Roman milestone or milliarium, a druid altar, the ‘Stone of Brutus’, the City’s fetish stone, a last relic of a Roman Governor’s palace, a mark-stone on a ley line, inspiration for authors of ‘urban fantasy’, an essential element in London’s sacred geometry, or London’s palladium, portending disaster if it is disturbed.

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Giants in Scandinavian mythology and folklore – Dr Tommy Kuusela

In Old Norse mythology, the giants – or jǫtnar, as they usually are referred to in the sources – are the fearsome enemies and opponents of the gods. The world itself is created from the body of a primordial giant by Óðinn and his brothers. The most renowned gods, Þórr and Óðinn, continuously seek out giants and challenge them for fame in battle or knowledge; the gods also begot children with giant women while hindering the giant from marrying the goddesses. Some giants lived among the gods and others could invite them to their halls for feasts. Loki, who lived among the gods, was said to be a half giant. He was a trickster in the mythological sources, sometimes aiding the gods, sometimes hindering or even causing them harm. At the cosmic events known as Ragnarǫk, the giants, together with Loki, will marsh against the gods for a final battle that will lead to the destruction of the world. Giants are everywhere in the Old Norse mythology and the concept of giants is multifaceted, they are simply not just chaotic beings. Giants also appear in the Old English poem Beowulf. The first half of the poem describes how the hero Beowulf travels to Denmark and fights against Grendel, a monster defined as a þyrs, an Old English word that is similar to Old Norse þurs, one of many words for giants. Beowulf later kills Grendel’s mother with a sword forged by giants. We can safely say that giants are everywhere in the myths and legends of the north. This is also the case in the younger folklore material were giants are described as ancient and enemies of the church, they are creators of the landscape and live in mountains or in the deep forests of Scandinavia. Most of them are considered extinct, but a few lingered on and could even breed children with humans, children known for their strength and character. In this lecture, I will present different perspectives on giants, moving from Old Norse mythology to younger folklore accounts, and discuss similarities and differences. I will also show examples of traces of giants in archaeology, rune carvings and architecture.

Bio

Dr. Tommy Kuusela (PhD in History of Religions); Researcher and archivist at The Institute for Language and Folklore in Uppsala, Sweden

Recent publications (in English):

* Kuusela, Tommy. 2022. “Initiation by White Snake and the Acquisition of Supernatural Knowledge”, in The Wild Hunt for Numinous Knowledge: Perspectives on and from the Study of Pre-Christian Nordic Religions in Honour of Jens Peter Schjødt / [ed] Karen Bek-Pedersen, Sophie Bønding, Luke John Murphy, Simon Nygaard, and Morten Warmind (Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, 74), Aarhus: Afdeling for Religionsvidenskab/Institut For Kultur og Samfund, pp. 153-169.

* Kuusela, Tommy. 2021. “The Giants and the Critics: A Brief History of Old Norse Giantology”, in Folklore and Old Norse Mythology / [ed] Frog and Joonas Ahola (Folklore Fellows’ Communications, 323). Helsinki: The Kalevala Society, pp. 471-498.

* Kuusela, Tommy. 2021. “Swedish Fairy Belief: Traffic Accidents, Folklore, and the Cold Light of Reason”, in De Natura Fidei: Rethinking Religion Across Disciplinary Boundaries. Volume II / [ed] Mathew Jibu George, New Delhi: Authorspress , 2021, pp. 256-276.

* Kuusela, Tommy. 2020. “Spirited Away by the Female Forest Spirit in Swedish Folk Belief”, in Folklore: the journal of the Folklore Society 131 (2), pp. 159-179.

* Kuusela, Tommy. 2019. “Halls, Gods, and Giants: The Enigma of Gullveig in Óðinn’s Hall”, in Myth, Materiality, and Lived Religion: In Merovingian and Viking Scandinavia / [ed] Klas Wikström af Edholm, Peter Jackson Rova, Andreas Nordberg, Olof Sundqvit, Torun Zachrisson, Stockholm: Stockholm University Press, pp. 25-53.

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Benin: History, Sacrifice and Vodun – Dr Louise Fenton

Benin is a small West African country situated between Togo and Nigeria. It is known for being the ‘Cradle of Voodoo’, however, this is just part of the story.

Dr Louise Fenton will uncover a brief history of this fascinating country. She will discuss the turbulent times, colonisation and the enslavement of people, human sacrifice and the culture that permeates all of this, Vodun, the beating heart of Benin. Vodun is evident throughout the country and not hidden away as it is in much of the Caribbean and the wider diaspora. This is a fully illustrated lecture and Louise will use her own photographic archive to show key locations and Vodun ceremonies. Join Louise as she introduces you to the exciting, enthralling and beautiful country that is Benin.

Louise has recently returned from leading a study group for The Last Tuesday Society in March 2022. This fascinating trip led us to seeing Vodun up close, having front row seats at a village Vodun ceremony, experiencing Vodun worship, seeing altars and sacrifice, immersing ourselves in Benin culture and meeting fascinating people including Vodun and Yoruba Kings. We are travelling to Benin again February 2023 so please contact The Last Tuesday Society if you would like to join us and for more details on this exciting trip to West Africa.

Bio

Dr Louise Fenton is a senior lecturer at the University of Wolverhampton and a cultural and social historian. She teaches contextual studies in the School of Art and supervises PhD students; she is also an artist and illustrator and uses drawing within her research. Her interest in West African Vodun, and particularly Benin, began when studying for her PhD which she was awarded from the University of Warwick in 2010. Most recently Louise has appeared on the BBC Radio 4 programme, ‘Beyond Belief’ and is a consultant on a new drama for BBC 3. Her research covers West African Vodun, Haitian Vodou, New Orleans Voodoo and Witchcraft, especially curses and cursed objects.

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Trolls in Nordic Myth & Folkore – Dr. Tommy Kuusela

We have all seen supernatural trolls in movies, art, advertisement, video games, or maybe as statues, dolls and miniatures for different board games; from the trolls of famous artists such as the Norwegian Theodor Kittelsen and the Swede John Bauer, to the charming (initially Danish) trolls seen in the animated movies by Dreamwork studios, the delightful Finnish Moomin trolls by Tove Jansson, and the big clumsy trolls of Peter Jackson’s adaptions of J.R.R. Tolkien’s works. Trolls have become well-known and are everywhere in popular culture. But are they the same kind of trolls that we find in older texts – in Old Norse mythology or the folk legends and folktales of the North? The trolls were supernatural beings in nature, and their natural environment was the pre-industrial fishing and farming communities of Scandinavia. Although common in folklore, descriptions of them differs from the trolls we encounter in contemporary culture. The trolls of folklore and myths could be violent and threatening, they sometimes appear as big, nasty and ugly, but most were described as ambivalent, some even as beautiful and helpful. This lecture will look closer at the history of trolls; from the meaning of the word troll, the earliest trolls in Viking Age mythological poetry, the many different types of trolls that appear in manuscripts from the Middle ages, the trolls of folk belief, folk legends and folktales that have been recorded until the early 20th century in Scandinavia, to the trolls of contemporary popular culture and the trolls that lurks on the internet.

Bio

Dr. Tommy Kuusela (PhD in History of Religions); Researcher and archivist at The Institute for Language and Folklore in Uppsala, Sweden

Recent publications (in English):

* Kuusela, Tommy. 2022. “Initiation by White Snake and the Acquisition of Supernatural Knowledge”, in The Wild Hunt for Numinous Knowledge: Perspectives on and from the Study of Pre-Christian Nordic Religions in Honour of Jens Peter Schjødt / [ed] Karen Bek-Pedersen, Sophie Bønding, Luke John Murphy, Simon Nygaard, and Morten Warmind (Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, 74), Aarhus: Afdeling for Religionsvidenskab/Institut For Kultur og Samfund, pp. 153-169.

* Kuusela, Tommy. 2021. “The Giants and the Critics: A Brief History of Old Norse Giantology”, in Folklore and Old Norse Mythology / [ed] Frog and Joonas Ahola (Folklore Fellows’ Communications, 323). Helsinki: The Kalevala Society, pp. 471-498.

* Kuusela, Tommy. 2021. “Swedish Fairy Belief: Traffic Accidents, Folklore, and the Cold Light of Reason”, in De Natura Fidei: Rethinking Religion Across Disciplinary Boundaries. Volume II / [ed] Mathew Jibu George, New Delhi: Authorspress , 2021, pp. 256-276.

* Kuusela, Tommy. 2020. “Spirited Away by the Female Forest Spirit in Swedish Folk Belief”, in Folklore: the journal of the Folklore Society 131 (2), pp. 159-179.

* Kuusela, Tommy. 2019. “Halls, Gods, and Giants: The Enigma of Gullveig in Óðinn’s Hall”, in Myth, Materiality, and Lived Religion: In Merovingian and Viking Scandinavia / [ed] Klas Wikström af Edholm, Peter Jackson Rova, Andreas Nordberg, Olof Sundqvit, Torun Zachrisson, Stockholm: Stockholm University Press, pp. 25-53.

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An Evening in Asgard – The Home of the Norse Gods – Lena Heide-Brennand

Asgard was the spectacular home world of the Aesir gods. Odin, Thor and Loki are characters that “everyone” these days have some knowledge about due to their appearance in a lot of different types of popular culture. The gods and demigods of Asgard have definitely become fan favourites, but it turns out that there is generally little knowledge of who these heroes are really based on. In this lecture I will introduce you to the most famous gods of Asgard and tell you all about the impact they had on the Vikings back in the days when Thor and Odin played a major role in Scandinavian everyday life. Historians refer to three principal sources that depict Asgard; the Poetic Edda, the Prose Edda, and Heimskringla, which consists of several sagas. They will be the sources for this lecture as well. This will be an evening of captivating tales about the main characters of Asgard and the creatures that existed alongside them; we will meet Odin’s mighty horse Sleipnir, Midgardsormen -the world-circling serpent and the monstrous wolf Fenrisúlfr. Norse mythology has a cacophony of crazy creatures, charismatic gods and beautiful goddesses that will fascinate, spark curiosity and entertain you all at the same time.

Bio

Lena Schattenherz Heide-Brennand is a Norwegian lecturer with a master degree in language, culture and literature from the University of Oslo and Linnaeus University. She has been lecturing and teaching various subjects since 1998. Her field of interest and main focus has always been topics that others have considered strange, eccentric and eerie, and she has specialised in a variety of dark subjects linked to folklore, mythology and Victorian traditions and medicine. Her students often point out her thorough knowledge about the subjects she is teaching, in addition to her charismatic appearance. She refers to herself as a performance lecturer and always gives her audience an outstanding experience

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“Odin battles Fenrir” drawing by Arthur Rackham 1910

“Loki tricks Alberich” The Rhinegold and the Valkyrie sketch by Arthur Rackham,1910

The Erotic Folktales of Norway – Lena Heide-Brennand

Once upon a time, in the nineteenth century, the famous Norwegian duo P.C. Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe began traveling all around rural Norway, collecting the tales, legends, and fables that the locals had to tell them. Most of these stories were published at the time they were collected and written down. However, there was a significant number of other tales that were suppressed and hidden away due to their explicit depiction of the sexual side of human experience. The manuscripts stayed hidden from public in the archives of the University of Oslo for nearly a century before being brought to light and published in Norway for the first time in 1977 under the title “Erotic Folktales from Norway”. It was a huge success and sold a lot of copies and it was obvious that people took a great interest in the adult stories as well. In this lecture we will be focusing on those steamy, hilarious and astonishingly graphic stories that have been passed down through generations in all corners of the cold North.

Like the traditional stories told to children, erotic folktales also include stories about the Hulder, Trolls, the famous Ash Lad, and princesses, as well as sinners and Adam and Eve. The only difference is that these characters are showing a very sexual side of themselves that is meant for adult listeners only. In this lecture, maybe we will find out just how far men would go to experience the intimate company of the alluring Hulder? And what would happen to the women once they were spellbound by the handsome Nøkken before he decided to drown them? Have you ever wondered if the Ash Lad was sexually involved with any of the princesses he visited? Welcome to an evening that might make you blush, laugh and cringe all at the same time. NB! Explicit language and adult content.

Bio

Lena Schattenherz Heide-Brennand is a Norwegian lecturer with a master degree in language, culture and literature from the University of Oslo and Linnaeus University. She has been lecturing and teaching various subjects since 1998. Her field of interest and main focus has always been topics that others have considered strange, eccentric and eerie, and she has specialised in a variety of dark subjects linked to folklore, mythology and Victorian traditions and medicine. Her students often point out her thorough knowledge about the subjects she is teaching, in addition to her charismatic appearance. She refers to herself as a performance lecturer and always gives her audience an outstanding experience

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More Mythical Creatures in Scandinavian Folklore – Lena Heide-Brennand

A follow-up lecture on more of the magical, mysterious and scary creatures we meet in Scandinavian folklore that we did not have time to introduce you to in the first lecture. This time we will get to know the legendary Kraken, the good and evil little Vette, the dangerous Draugen and the eerie Mare, in addition to a the more famous Icelandic elves (Álfafólk). We will take a close look at the origin of these characters that have haunted and scared the Scandinavian people through centuries, and there will be spine chills guarantees when myths meet tales claiming to be based on true stories re-told by those very few individuals who were lucky enough to survive an encountering. Welcome to another evening in the company of the most fascinating legends Scandinavian folklore has to offer.

Bio

Lena Schattenherz Heide-Brennand is a Norwegian lecturer with a master degree in language, culture and literature from the University of Oslo and Linnaeus University. She has been lecturing and teaching various subjects since 1998. Her field of interest and main focus has always been topics that others have considered strange, eccentric and eerie, and she has specialised in a variety of dark subjects linked to folklore, mythology and Victorian traditions and medicine. Her students often point out her thorough knowledge about the subjects she is teaching, in addition to her charismatic appearance. She refers to herself as a performance lecturer and always gives her audience an outstanding experience

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Draugen

Illustration by Joakim Skovgaard (1889 el. 1890). ‘The Werewolf”.

Icelandic elves

Ancient Witches & The Goddess Hecate – Prof Marguerite Johnson

Ancient Witches

Magic and witchcraft were integral parts of the lives of ancient Greeks and Romans. Real practitioners existed – usually men when it came to so-called ‘high’ magic or ‘learned’ magic – with women, we can assume, practising more informal folk magic, which has left a less permanent trace. However, the chief deity of magic and witchcraft was the goddess, Hecate and ancient literature is full of female practitioners, often exhibiting outlandish and unbelievable talents. This lecture discusses Hecate as the preeminent god of witches and the witches of Greek and Roman literature. From Homer’s Circe to Euripides’ Medea, to the terrifying necromancer, Erictho from Lucan’s Pharsalia, we consider how and why the ancients insisted on representing their literary practitioners as female, when evidence points to men as the main source of all things magical. We end by tracing the ancient origins of the wicked witch of the west back to the terrifying figures of the ancient imagination.

Bio:

Marguerite Johnson is Professor of Classics and Ancient History at The University of Newcastle, Australia. Her research expertise is predominantly in ancient Mediterranean cultural studies, particularly in representations of gender, sexualities, and the body. She also researches Classical Reception Studies, and ancient magic. Marguerite has published on magic, particularly the portrayal of witches, in Greek and Latin literature and was dramaturg on professional productions of Theocritus’ Idyll 2 (‘The Sorceress’) in 2019 and Euripides’ Medea in 2021. She also researches and publishes on the Australian witch, Rosaleen Norton, with whom she has held a fascination since childhood. Marguerite delivers one of the few undergraduate courses on ancient occultism (AHIS2370: Magic and Witchcraft in Greece and Rome) and supervises several PhD students working on aspects of historical and literary magic.

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How the Freemasons Made the Modern World – Prof. John Dickie

To the rest of us, Freemasonry is mysterious and suspect. Yet its story is peopled by some of the most distinguished men of the last three centuries: Winston Churchill and Walt Disney; Wolfgang Mozart and Shaquille O’Neal; Benjamin Franklin and Buzz Aldrin; Rudyard Kipling and ‘Buffalo Bill’ Cody; Duke Ellington and the Duke of Wellington.

Founded in London in 1717 as a set of character-forming ideals and a way of binding men in fellowship, Freemasonry proved so addictive that within two decades it had spread across the globe. Masonic influence became pervasive. Under George Washington, the Craft became a creed for the new American nation. Masonic networks held the British empire together. Under Napoleon, the Craft became a tool of authoritarianism and then a cover for revolutionary conspiracy. Both the Mormon Church and the Sicilian mafia owe their origins to Freemasonry.

The Masons were as feared as they were influential. In the eyes of the Catholic Church, Freemasonry has always been a den of devil-worshippers. For Hitler, Mussolini and Franco the Lodges spread the diseases of pacifism, socialism and Jewish influence, so had to be crushed.

Professor Dickie will talk about his book – The Craft, translated into ten languages – which is a surprising and enthralling exploration of a movement that not only helped to forge modern society, but still has substantial contemporary influence. With 400,000 members in Britain, over a million in the USA, and around six million across the world, understanding the role of Freemasonry is as important now as it has ever been.

Bio

John Dickie is Professor of Italian Studies at University College London. Hodder & Stoughton published his Cosa Nostra: A History of the Sicilian Mafia in 2004, to ecstatic reviews. It became an international bestseller, with over 20 translations, and won the CWA Dagger Award for Non-fiction that year. Since then he has published Delizia!: The Epic History of the Italians and their Food (2007) – now a six-part TV series for HIstory Channel Italia and other networks worldwide. His most recent books are Mafia Brotherhoods (2011) and Mafia Republic: Italy’s Criminal Curse (2013).

In 2005 the President of the Italian Republic appointed him a Commendatore dell’Ordine della Stella della Solidarieta Italiana.

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